Harvard university

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636. Its history, influence and wealth have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.Established originally by the Massachusetts legislature and soon thereafter named for John Harvard (its first benefactor), Harvard is the United States' oldest institution of higher learning, and the Harvard Corporation (formally, the President and Fellows of Harvard College) is its first chartered corporation. Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, and by the 19th century Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites. Following the American Civil War, President Charles W. Eliot's long tenure (1869–1909) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College.

The University is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with campuses throughout the Boston metropolitan area: its 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the business school and athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston and the medical, dental, and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area. Harvard has the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world, standing at $32.3 billion as of June 2013.

Harvard is a large, highly residential research university.The nominal cost of attendance is high, but the University's large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. It operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums, alongside the Harvard Library, which is the world's largest academic and private library system, comprising 79 individual libraries with over 18 million volumes.Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents, several foreign heads of state, 62 living billionaires, and 335 Rhodes Scholars. To date, some 150 Nobel laureates and 5 Fields Medalists (when awarded) have been affiliated as students, faculty, or staff.Harvard has purchased tracts of land in Allston, a walk across the Charles River from Cambridge, with the intent of major expansion southward. The university now owns approximately fifty percent more land in Allston than in Cambridge. Proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus include new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram. Plans also call for sinking part of Storrow Drive (at Harvard's expense) for replacement with park land and pedestrian access to the Charles River, as well as the construction of bike paths, and buildings throughout the Allston campus. The institution asserts that such expansion will benefit not only the school, but surrounding community, pointing to such features as the enhanced transit infrastructure, possible shuttles open to the public, and park space which will also be publicly accessible.One of the foremost driving forces for Harvard's pending expansion is its goal of increasing the scope and strength of its science and technology programs. The university plans to construct two 500,000 square foot (50,000 m²) research complexes in Allston, which would be home to several interdisciplinary programs, including the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and an enlarged Engineering department.In addition, Harvard intends to relocate the Harvard Graduate School of Education and the Harvard School of Public Health to Allston. The university also plans to construct several new undergraduate and graduate student housing centers in Allston, and it is considering large-scale museums and performing arts complexes as well. Unfortunately the large drop in endowment has halted these plans for now.Harvard had become as the focal social foundation among Boston elites. Following the American Civil War, President Charles W. Eliot's long residency (1869–1909) changed the school and reinforcement expert schools into a present day exploration school; Harvard was a building individual from the Association of American Universities in 1900. James Bryant Conant drove the school through the Great Depression and World War II and started to change the enlightening program and change assertions after the war. The understudy school got to be coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College. The University is managed into eleven unique shrewd units—ten staffs and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with grounds all through the Boston metropolitan area: its 209-portion of zone (85 ha) key grounds is centered around Harvard Yard in Cambridge, give or take 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the business school and diversions work spots, including Harvard Stadium, are found over the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston and the restorative, dental, and general wellbeing schools are in the Longwood Medical Area. Harvard has the best budgetary enrichment of any instructive foundation on the planet, staying at $32.3 billion as of June 2013. Harvard is a far reaching, particularly private examination university. The clear cost of backing is high, yet the University's unimaginable change gifts it to offer liberal budgetary help packages. It meets desires a few affirmations, social, and real valid concentrates, close by the Harvard University Library which is the world's most noteworthy sagacious and private library structure, exemplifying 79 individual libraries with more than 18 million volumes. It has different recognizable graduated class. Eight U.S. presidents and a couple outside heads of state have been graduates. It is besides the spot of graduation of 62 living amazingly rich people and 335 Rhodes Scholars, both the most in the country. To date, just about 150 Nobel laureates have been reinforcement as understudies, workforce, or staff.Campus College seal Harvard's 209-section of land (85 ha) fundamental grounds is fixated on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, around 3 miles (4.8 km) west-northwest of the State House in downtown Boston, and reaches out into the encompassing Harvard Square neighborhood. Harvard Yard itself contains the focal regulatory business locales and principle libraries of the college, scholastic structures including Sever Hall and University Hall, Memorial Church, and most of the first year recruit quarters. Sophomore, lesser, and senior students live in twelve private Houses, nine of which are south of Harvard Yard along or close to the Charles River. The other three are spotted in a private neighborhood a large portion of a mile northwest of the Yard at the Quadrangle (regularly alluded to as the Quad), which once in the past housed Radcliffe College understudies until Radcliffe fused its private framework with Harvard. The Harvard MBTA station gives open transportation through transport administration and the Red Line tram. Dedication Hall The Harvard Business School and a large number of the college's games offices, including Harvard Stadium, are spotted on a 358-section of land (145 ha) grounds inverse the Cambridge grounds in Allston. The John W. Weeks Bridge is a passerby connect over the Charles River interfacing both grounds. The Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and the Harvard School of Public Health are found on a 21-section of land (8.5 ha) grounds in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area give or take 3.3 miles (5.3 km) southwest of downtown Boston and 3.3 miles (5.3 km) south of the Cambridge campus. A private shuttle transport unites the Longwood grounds to the Cambridge grounds by means of Massachusetts Avenue making stops in the Back Bay and at MIT as well. Every private house contains spaces for students, House bosses, and occupant coaches, and an eating corridor and library. The offices were made conceivable by a blessing from Yale University graduate Edward Harkness. Commemoration Church Radcliffe Yard, once in the past the inside of the grounds of Radcliffe College (and now home of the Radcliffe Institute), is contiguous the Graduate School of Education and the Cambridge Common. From 2009–2011, Harvard University wrote about grounds wrongdoing insights that incorporated 69 persuasive sex offenses, 12 thefts, 15 bothered ambushes, 80 robberies, and 10 instances of engine vehicle theft. Satellite offices Aside from its major Cambridge/Allston and Longwood grounds, Harvard claims and works Arnold Arboretum, in the Jamaica Plain range of Boston; the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, in Washington, D.C.; the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts; the Concord Field Station in Estabrook Woods in Concord, Massachusetts and the Villa I Tatti research center in Florence, Italy. Harvard likewise works the Harvard Shanghai Center in China. Significant grounds extension Harvard has obtained tracts of area in Allston, a stroll over the Charles River from Cambridge, with the purpose of real extension southward. The college now possesses pretty nearly fifty percent more land in Allston than in Cambridge. Recommendations to unite the Cambridge grounds with the new Allston grounds incorporate new and developed scaffolds, a shuttle administration and/or a tram. Plans likewise call for sinking piece of Storrow Drive (to Harvard's detriment) for supplanting with park area and person on foot access to the Charles River, and also the development of bicycle ways, and structures all through the Allston grounds. The organization declares that such development will advantage the school, as well as encompassing group, indicating such peculiarities as the upgraded travel foundation, conceivable shuttles open to the general population, and park space which will likewise be freely available. One of the premier main thrusts for Harvard's pending extension is its objective of expanding the degree and quality of its science and innovation programs. The college arrangements to build two 500,000 square foot (50,000 m²) research buildings in Allston, which would be home to a few interdisciplinary projects, including the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and an amplified Engineering division. Furthermore, Harvard means to move the Harvard Graduate School of Education and the Harvard School of Public Health to Allston.